The main environmental effects of air pollution are briefed below:
Acid Deposition
Acid deposition can be primarily characterized as acid rain, snow and fog or gas and dust is one of the main effects of air pollution. During fuel combustion, acid deposition is mainly formed as emission of nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide becomes sulphuric acid and nitric acid when are in contact with water.
Eutrophication
Eutrophication is caused in water by an increase in plant nutrients. The higher availability of nutrients in water plants like duckweed and algae to grow extensively. The extensive growth blocks the sunlight supplies to water. Also, the plants use all available oxygen, which cannot be renewed as heterotrophic plants need light to perform photosynthesis.
Smog
A combination of words smoke and fog. Smog is of two types summer smog and winter smog. Summer smog also called as photochemical smog is a brown oxidising fog mainly consisting ozone. The primary causes of photochemical smog are VOCs and nitrogen oxides which are emitted through vehicles and industries. Humans cannot adapt to smog as it causes eye and respiratory irritations. Ozone causes serious damage to plant as well.
Winter smog also referred as acid smog mainly consists of foggy elements. Winter smog is found in areas where vertical dispersion of air pollutants is nearly not possible. Temperatures decreases during the day. Winter smog is formed when temperature is low and the sulphur dioxide concentration increases.